Dayton Agreement Revisited: Bosnia and Herzegovina 2022

Bosnia and Herzegovina is home to one of the world's most complicated systems of governance. It is divided among ethnic lines, that have loopholes in its constitution. Civil rights and other constitutional rights are not implemented due to differences. The constitution was adopted after the approval of the people of both units. Dayton peace accord was the basis of the constitutional changes. It was a result of the deprivation of rights of the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is largely dominated by Serbs that have inclinations towards the Greater Serbia. The idea is based on making a Serb-dominated state. They have been accused of mass killings of their people.

The international criminal court has convicted Radovan Karadzic Bosnian Serb for genocide and war crimes in Bosnia. The killings condemn my international human rights agencies and Radovan was imprisoned in Hague. The narrative of greater Serbia was used to kill people on ethnic lines in Herzegovina and Bosnia. The invasion of Ukraine by Russia can influence the position of Bosnia, Russia has supported Serbs in the conflict that creates apprehensions over their role.

Bosnia in particular the situation is serious due to Dodik's strategy of engaging both parties through negotiation to resolve their contentious issues over autonomy for them. It would build momentum for pro-independence in Herzegovina and Bosnia. The growing discontent of people towards Serbian control. The referendum was held for people to take people on board to get independence or become an independent autonomous entity with Serbia.

The demands for the republic of Srpska as an entity have helped to strengthen the position of Serbs. Dayton agreement was signed to end the 3 years war in former socialist Yugoslavia. At present, if the republic of Srpska succeeds with help of Serbia and Corates it would stir up more issues as Bosnia has reservations on the Dayton agreement and intentions of Serbia. In past, they have superseded the rights of Bosnia.

Serbia was only a signatory of international armed conflict to give legitimacy to the sovereignty of Bosnia. Serbia is not a guarantor of the Dayton agreement. It can become an issue if Serbia interferes in the process of making their sovereign state. The neutral body is required that can keep a check on Serbian intervention in Bosnia's independence process to use their legitimacy for the demand of the independent state.

Comments

Peace Truce Between Ukraine-Russia: New Rounds of Peace Talks

The truce between Russia and Ukraine over the future of Crimea and Donbas has been delayed for 15 years over the likely outcome of Crimea under Russia after annexation. A recent example is Ukraine where the uncertain situation has stirred up the world and opposition to the invasion of Russia through the United Nations by most of the states. The negotiations were held in Turkey between Russia and Ukraine delegates to discuss the framework for a peace settlement for the war in Ukraine. The negotiation has not able to end the war and use of weapons in Ukraine, the meeting was held between representatives of Ukraine and Russia. Russian spokesperson Vladimir Medinsky has agreed to end an escalation in a two-step process of de-escalation. The hostility towards Chernihiv and Kyiv capital of Ukraine has decreased in the northern parts of Ukraine. The hostility increased due to Kyiv's intentions to get membership in NATO to avert potential threats emanating from Putin's aggressive poli...

Melting Glaciers in Antarctic Region

Satellite images show the 1,200sq km (463sq miles) Conger Ice Shelf collapsed completely in March. According to studies by scientists, the large chunks of ice attached to the land acts as a buffer to prevent ice from melting and flowing into the ocean increasing the risk of submergence due to a rise in sea level on the land areas. The areas on coastlines are in danger of receding land areas due to the rise in sea levels. The temperature reaching 40C (70F) above normal in parts of East Antarctica, is unusual for the region during this time of the year. Scientists, consider the melting of ice in Antarctica is likely to increase the risk of flooding. The rapid pace of melting of ice has adverse effects on the land adjoining the ocean. Melting of ice is creating an effect Neff described as “a fire hose of moisture phenomenon. The rate of climate change is three times warmer in the Antarctic than in the Arctic Ocean. In the context of factors, first and foremost is the increase in greenhous...

Heat Wave in Europe : 2022

A wildfire erupted in different parts of Europe amid the heat wave creating havoc for people. Scientists have linked wildfire to climate change which has become a major concern that is leading to extreme weather conditions. The scourging heat has contributed to increasing in wildfires that led to the excavation of people. The temperature is expected to reach 40 Celsius in different parts of Europe as per the health advisory issued by countries in Europe. Portugal and Spain are the most affected countries by the recent wave of heat waves. The firefighters are fighting to extinguish the wildfire and rescue the operation of people stranded in the wildfire. Scientists have predicted more wildfires in the coming years. In Portugal, five regions were affected areas due to heat waves where the temperature rose to 47 Celsius. Wildfires have destroyed 30,000 hectares of land in Portugal and 100 people have lost their lives due to wildfires. Portugal has re...

Mehwish's Blog

Search This Blog